中文摘要：

通过对甘蓝型油菜花粉发育阶段和活力的检测确定花粉发育的时期,分离出单核晚期花粉进行离体培养。结果表明,（1）筛选出适合油菜小孢子花粉离体培养的液体培养基为T1＋怀特维生素（White’s vitamins）＋2%椰子汁＋0.5 mol/L麦芽糖,在此培养基上花粉的成熟率可达25.1%,萌发率达6.3%。（2）筛选出适合成熟花粉离体萌发液体培养基为0.6 mol/L麦芽糖＋1.6 mmol/L硼酸＋2.9 mmol/L硝酸钙＋29.6μmol/L VB1,在此培养基上,自然成熟花粉的萌发率可达75.2%。将离体培养成熟的花粉培养在萌发培养基,萌发的花粉占成熟花粉的66.3%。

英文摘要：

Pollen developmental progress and viability of Brassica napus L.in vivo were investigated for determining pollen development stages.Liquid medium composed of T1＋White＇s vitamins＋2% coconut milk＋0.5 mol/L maltose was chosen which was the most appropriate medium for in vitro culture of B.napus L.microspores.With this medium,the rates of maturation and germination pollen were 25.1% and 6.3%,respectively.Liquid medium composed of 0.6 mol/L maltose＋1.6 mmol/L boracic acid＋2.9 mmol/L Ca（NO3）2＋29.6 μmol/L VB1 was chosen for germination of matured pollen in vivo.The rate of germination pollen was 75.2%.When pollen matured in vitro was cultured in the germination medium,the rate of germination pollen was 66.3%.