中文摘要：

为了解仿刺参体腔液的抗菌谱以及不同二价金属离子对仿刺参体腔液抗菌活性的影响,实验采用生长曲线测定法分别测定了仿刺参体腔细胞破碎液上清和体腔液上清对哈维氏弧菌、灿烂弧菌、希瓦氏菌、假交替单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、溶壁微球菌、停乳链球菌、拟诺卡式菌生长的影响,并通过该法以溶壁微球菌为受试菌测定了海洋环境中常见的Fe2＋、Ca2＋、Cd2＋、Mg2＋、Mn2＋、Zn2＋对仿刺参体腔液上清抗菌活性的影响。结果显示,仿刺参体腔细胞破碎液上清对受试的8株细菌的生长均无抑制作用,体腔液上清对溶壁微球菌的生长有明显的抑制作用,而对其他7株受试菌的生长无明显影响;Mn2＋和Zn2＋可明显增强体腔液上清对溶壁微球菌的生长抑制作用,而Fe2＋、Ca2＋、Cd2＋、Mg2＋对体腔液上清的抗菌活性无明显影响。研究表明,仿刺参体腔液在体外状态下只具有窄谱抗菌活性,与抗菌相关的免疫因子主要存在于体腔液上清中;体腔液中的抗菌免疫因子对海洋环境中的常见二价金属离子有一定的适应性,而且适当浓度的Mn2＋和Zn2＋可能具有促进仿刺参抗菌应答能力的作用。

英文摘要：

Previous studies suggested that the coelomic fluid or hemolymph from different aquatic invertebrates had different antibacterial spectrum and capacity,and bacterial disease is one of the primary factors limiting the development of Apostichopus japonicus aquaculture. To control the bacterial disease in A.japonicus with the immunological methods,understanding the antibacterial characteristics of coelomic fluid is necessary. However,the information about the antibacterial characteristics of coelomic fluid is limited in A.japonicus. Besides,the gradient dilution plate count method and turbidimetric method used for antibacterial analysis in previous studies are just suitable for the determination of bacteriolytic activities rather than the antibacterial activities consisting of bacteriolytic activities and bacteriostasic activities,while the method of bacterial growth curve determination,applicable to the determination of antibacterial activities,was not broadly employed. Therefore,in order to study the antibacterial spectrum of coelomic fluid from A. japonicus and the effects of divalent metal ions on the antibacterial activities of coelomic fluid,using the method of bacterial growth curve determination,we determined the effects of coelomocyte lysate supernatant and coelomic fluid supernatant from A. japonicus on the growth of Vibrio harveyi,Vibrio splendidus,Shewanella baltica,Pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens,Staphyloccocus aureus,Micrococcus lysodeikticus,Streptococcus dysgadysgalactiae,Nocardiopsis sp.,respectively,and then determined the effects of Fe2 ＋,Ca2 ＋,Cd2 ＋,Mg2 ＋,Mn2 ＋and Zn2 ＋commonly found in marine environment on the antibacterial activities in A. japonicus coelomic fluid supernatant with M. lysodeikticus as tested bacteria. The results showed that the coelomocyte lysate supernatant had no obvious effects on the growth of all tested bacteria,while the coelomic fluid supernatant only showed strong inhibition on the growth of M. lysodeikticus. In addition,Mg2 ＋and Zn2 ＋increased the inhibi