中文摘要：

梅山猪是我国太湖流域优良地方品种之一,以繁殖力高和肉质鲜美闻名于世。为探究这一珍贵遗传资源的保种现状,本研究利用4家梅山猪保种场的143头梅山猪简化基因组测序数据,对现有群体的遗传多样性及遗传结构进行了分析。结果表明,各保种场群体有效含量均处于严重威胁状态,群体有效含量（Ne）小于65;中梅山群体具较高的多态标记比,小梅山群体具较高的观测杂合度与期望杂合度;小梅山与中梅山2类型间存在较大遗传分化,群体分化指数（Fst）为0.111,遗传距离（D）为0.287;2个小梅山保种场群体间的遗传分化较弱（Fst=0.055,D=0.239）,而2个中梅山保种场群体间则达到中等程度遗传分化（Fst=0.127,D=0.273）。本研究利用测序数据首次全面揭示了现有梅山猪保种群体的遗传多样性与遗传结构关系,为更好地保护与利用梅山猪提供了分子依据。

英文摘要：

Chinese Meishan pig is well-known for its high prolificacy and superior meat quality. In order to detect the current situation of the conservation population, the sequencing data of 143 pigs from the four state-owned conservation farms were selected in this study. We found that all of the farms have low effective population sizes. The Middle Meishan populations have a higher proportion of polymorphic markers, and the Small Meishan populations have a higher observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity. It has been observed that there is an obvious genetic difference between the Middle and the Small Meishan population as the value of genetic differentiation （Fst） was 0. 111 and the genetic distance （D） was 0. 287. There is a weak differentiation between the two conservation farms of the Small Meishan pigs （Fst=0. 055,D=0. 239） but a moderate Middle Meishan pigs （Fst=0. 127,D=0. 273）. protection and utilization of the Meishan pigs. differentiation between the two conservation farms of the This work may provide the molecular basis for the better.