中文摘要：

目的：比较城市及山区小学生屈光不正发生率及配镜差异,探讨小学生所在地域与其的关系,并为制定干预措施提供依据。方法：于2016年7月-8月随机选取部分绍兴市小学及广西省巴马县山区小学生进行天津索维sw-800手持自动验光仪进行屈光筛查,并分析两地小学生屈光不正及配镜差异。结果：648名城市小学生中,屈光不正发生率为38.6%;394名山区学龄儿童中,屈光不正发生率为21.3%。两地区小学生屈光不正发生率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。城市小学生屈光不正发生率呈两个极端,低年级组和高年级组屈光不正发生率较高,山区小学生屈光不正发生率呈增长趋势;两地屈光不正的小学生配镜率存在差异（P〈0.05）。结论：小学生屈光异常发生率较高,不同地区有所差距,应加强学生及家长眼保健意识和屈光异常儿童的个案管理,小学生进行屈光筛查对早期发现屈光不正具有重要意义。

英文摘要：

Objective： To explore the association between refractive and among primary school students in different location and provide evidences for further intervention by comparing the prevalence of refractive error of students from some schools located in city and rural area. Methods： A cross-sectional study that screened a group of students from several primary schools in Shaoxing city and a group of students from Bama area, Guangxi province, for refractive error and condition of wearing glasses, and analyzed the potential factors that might contribute to this situation. The study was conducted from July to August 2016. The sw-800 handheld refractometer was used in this study for refractive error screening. Results： The incidence rate of refractive error among the primary school students live in the city （N=648） was 38.6 %, while the incidence rate for primary school students live in the rural area （N=394） was 21.3 %. The incidence rate of refractive error were significantly different （P〈0.05）. For students live in the city, those who had refractive error were concentrated in lower grades and senior grades. However, overall, the incidence rate of refractive error for rural students increased with grade growth. There was significant differences （P 〈0.05） in the rates of wearing glasses between ametropic students in the city and ametropic students in the rural area. Conclusions： The incidence rate of refractive error was high among primary school students, however, the rate was different depending on the location. In future, efforts should be done to increase the awareness of eye care for students and their parents, and to facilitate the implementation of individualized intervention for students with refractive error. Moreover, refractive error screening was important for diagnosing in the early stage for primary school students.