中文摘要：

为探求生土地当年最佳施肥方式,快速提高棉花地上部生产力并改良根干物质质量垂直分布,试验连续2年以黄土母质生土为供试土壤,采用根管土柱法,研究不同肥料（N,P,NPK,有机肥,不施肥对照（CK））、不同施肥深度（0~20 cm,40~60 cm,80~100 cm土层）对棉花（Gossypium hirsutum）茎叶干物质质量、棉铃干物质质量及根干物质质量垂直分布的影响。结果表明,所有处理中,以有机肥深施40~60 cm处理的茎叶和棉铃的干物质质量最大,其次为NPK肥深施40~60 cm处理,二者差异显著（P〈0.05）;以含P肥深施40~60 cm处理的根干物质质量较大,且40 cm以下根层的分布比例较大;所有处理均以0~20 cm层的根分布比例最大,约占0~100 cm总根干物质质量的40%~80%。总的来看,当年生土地棉花冠￣根系统的最佳肥料运筹是有机肥深施40~60 cm。

英文摘要：

Immature loess subsoil was used to find the optimum fertilization regime to improve the productivity and vertical distribution of root dry-matter weight of cotton（Gossypium hirsutum） by soil column culture in root-tubes for two years. Four kinds of fertilizer（N, P, NPK, and organic fertilizer） and fertilization of three soil layers（at depths of 0-20 cm, 40-60 cm and80-100 cm） were used to investigate the dry-matter weights of the stem-leaf and boll, and the vertical distribution of root dry-matter weight in cotton. The control treatment（CK） was without fertilization. The highest dry-matter weights for the stem-leaf and boll of cotton were observed under organic fertilizer at a 40-60 cm soil depth, followed by NPK fertilizer at a40-60 cm soil depth, and there was a significant difference between them（P0.05）. A higher root dry-matter weight in cotton was observed under P or NPK fertilizer at a 40-60 cm soil depth than under the other treatments, and the root dry-matter weight percentage below the 40 cm root layer was higher than in the other root layers. Among all treatments, the root dry-matter weight percentage in the 0-20 cm root layer was the highest, representing 40%-80% of the total（0-100 cm）. Overall, using organic fertilizer at a 40-60 cm soil depth is the optimum fertilization method in current year for planting cotton in immature loess subsoil fields.