中文摘要：

20世纪90年代中后期北大西洋涛动（NAO）年代际变率的发现与北极涛动（AO）概念的提出,引发了持续至今的古AO/NAO研究热潮。从观测和模拟两方面对多时间尺度的古AO/NAO研究进展做了系统的回顾与总结,包括近千年AO/NAO序列的重建,全新世AO/NAO变化趋势的争议,末次冰盛期AO/NAO振幅的减弱,末次间冰期AO/NAO的异常偏正,以及AO/NAO的气候平均态与振幅2个关键概念的区分。其中对不同时段AO/NAO的变化机理做了简要概括与讨论。在此基础上,建议在今后的古AO/NAO研究中,除了寻找时间更长、与AO/NAO显著相关的代用资料外,还要着力加强气候模拟方面的工作,特别是长时间瞬变模拟及对关键外强迫因子开展敏感性试验。只有将观测与数值模拟相结合,才可进一步增进对AO/NAO与气候背景间动力机制的理解。在过去20年间,气候学界对AO/NAO的广泛研究,对于理解全球变暖背景下AO/NAO的变化过程、并提高其可预报性都具有重要意义。

英文摘要：

The discovery of decadal variability of North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） and the introduction of Arctic oscillation （AO） concept have initiated a series 1990s. The progress and new findings of paleo-AO/NAO of paleo-AO/NAO related studies since the mid-to-late works after that time were comprehensively reviewed. The new results from the observations and modelings at four key timescales were summarized in detail ： （1）the reconstruc- tions of the AO/NAO annual index over the past millennium; （2）the debate on AO/NAO＇ s trend since early Hol- ocene ; （3）the weakening of AO/NAO＇ s amplitude during the Last Glacial Maximum ; and （4）the anomalous positive phase of AO/NAO during the Last Interglacial. In addition, the possible mechanism for different timescales of AO/ NAO is also summarized. Furthermore, the distinction between AO/NAO＇ was mean state and amplitude, which were not explicitly separated in previous studies, were comprehensively discussed. Considering the current uncer- tainties related to paleo-AO/NAO studies, we encourage the community to search for more proxies having longer- than-10,000-year length with annual resolution around AO/NAO highly correlated regions. Another, we encourage long-term transient modeling on AO/NAO can be performed in order to improve our understanding of the dynamics and interaction between AO/NAO＇s high-frequency variability and the climatological background, so as to further improve AO/NAO＇ s predictability on global warming context.