中文摘要：

重金属污染水体的修复，以及含重金属工业废水的处理关乎地球上生物的健康发展。利用低耗能、高修复效率、环境友好、适用范围广泛的藻类去除水体中的重金属，已越来越受到研究者的关注。本文综述了国内外藻类去除水体中重金属的研究进展。分析了藻类去除重金属的生化结构；重点阐述了藻类吸附及富集重金属的机理；讨论了活藻体和死亡藻体用于水体中重金属去除的应用及影响因素，并比较了两者的适用范围及筛选标准；最后指出此领域尚存在的问题，展望了藻类去除重金属的未来发展方向。

英文摘要：

Environmental contamination by toxic heavy metals is a significant global issue. Heavy metals removal from aqueous solution by algae, due to its good performance, low cost, environmental friendliness and wide applicability, have received increasing attention in recent years. In this work, the advances on algal heavy metals removal from aqueous solution are reviewed. The properties of algal cell wall constituents and their key functional groups are analyzed. The mechanisms of algal bioadsorption and bioaccumulation are then elaborated. Afterwards, the application of living and nonliving algae in heavy metal removal including their removal capacity and the effects of adsorption conditions are compared, and the selection criteria of algae are introduced. Finally, the existing deficiencies and suggestions on further study of the proposed algal bioremoval technology are discussed.