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中文摘要：
翻译在计算机科学中的一个重要应用是实现一个逻辑与另一个逻辑在表达能力上的比较，以及利用目标逻辑的推理机实现源逻辑的推理．现有逻辑之间的翻译理论和性质没有深入研究逻辑的语义翻译，以及翻译是否保持不可满足性等问题．该文研究了一类同时保持公式的可满足性和不可满足性的翻译——语义忠实语义满翻译．给出了语义忠实语义满翻译的定义，比较了语义忠实语义满翻译与已有文献中翻译定义的区别和联系，讨论了逻辑的可靠性、完备性、可判定性、紧致性、公式的逻辑等价性，以及模型的初等等价性在语义忠实语义满翻译下被保持的问题．运用语义忠实语义满翻译的定义给出了逻辑之间的同义性定义，并证明了同义关系是逻辑之间的一个等价关系．
英文摘要：
In computer science, an important application of translations includes comparing the expressive power among logics to achieve reasoning tasks of a logic in another defined logic. General properties of translations found in the literature do not give a comprehensive study on semantically translations and the preservation of the unsatisfiability. To preserve the satisfiability and the unsatisfiability of formulas, the definition of faithful and full translation is given, in this paper, and connections between the faithful and full translation, and other definitions of translations in the literature are discussed. Some properties of logics, such as the soundness, the completeness, the decidability, the compactness, the logical equivalence of formulas and the elementary equivalence of models, which are characterized by the existence of faithful and full translations between logics are also studied. By definition of faithful and full translation, the concept of synonymous logics is introduced and the proof for the equivalence of the synonymous relation is also given.
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