中文摘要：

铁路边坡及其支挡工程病害绝大多数与水的活动有关,因此及时有效地排水极为关键。目前传统的排水设施（如PVC管）服役一定年限后,极易发生堵塞。对一种适宜铁路边坡及其支挡工程内部排水的新型排水结构——＂水钉＂开展研究,探讨水钉的结构、排水特点及工程试用效果;开展室内纯水和砂土排水试验;分析水钉的排水能力,砂土中设置水钉情况下的流速以及综合渗透系数。研究结果表明：在砂土中,随水钉倾角（0-15°）、水头的增加,流速、综合渗透系数均变大;水钉周围能形成天然的反滤层,水钉的存在对天然反滤层的形成起＂催化＂作用。初步成果可为水钉排水效率评估和形成设计方法提供基础。

英文摘要：

As the majority of railway slope and their retaining structure problems are associated with the activity of water inside the slope,timely and effective drainage of the water is essential.Currently,the conventional drainage facilities（e.g.PVC pipe）are prone to clogging after a certain number of years of service.In this paper,a new type of drainage structure,named＂water nail＂,as drainage channels for railway slopes and their retaining structures,was studied.The structure,drainage characteristics and an engineering trail test of the water nail were discussed in detail.In addition,two types of laboratory model tests were performed to investigate the drainage capacity of a water nail under the conditions of pure water and sand,to analyze the drainage capacity of the water nail,the flow velocity and comprehensive hydraulic conductivity under the condition of setting water nail in the sand were analyzed.The test results indicated that in the sand,the flow velocity of water and the comprehensive hydraulic conductivity increased with the increase of the inclination angle（0-15°）of a water nail and the water-head.Moreover,the water nail caused the formation of a natural filter layer around the external surface of a water nail,which helps prevent the clog of a water nail.The preliminary results of this study may provide a basis for the assessment of the drainage efficiency of the water nail as well as for the development of a design method of the water nail.