中文摘要：

结合黄河下游引黄和灌区灌溉形式的运行工况,以渠道水流含沙量垂线分布和输沙能力为基础,深入分析了渠道引水分沙的特性及其对渠道冲淤的影响。在没有特殊防沙条件下,引黄含沙量一般小于黄河含沙量,约为黄河含沙量的0.86倍;在引黄灌区内,自流灌溉的支渠引水含沙量略低于或等于干渠含沙量,引沙级配相当或略细,引水灌溉将会增加干渠泥沙淤积。对于提水灌溉,若提水泵站进口布置在干渠平均含沙量水深以下,取水含沙量偏大,引沙偏粗,将会减轻干渠淤积;若把提水泵站布设在干渠中下段,可以通过调节提水泵站的引水量来控制干渠水面比降,减少干渠壅水机会,提高干渠输沙能力。

英文摘要：

Considering the factual conditions of the water and sediment diversion from the Yellow River and irrigation types of the irrigation systems, the characteristics of water and sediment diversion and their influence on canal erosion/deposition are analysed in this paper based on the vertical sediment concentration distribution and sediment transport capacity. Under the condition without special sediment control, the sediment concentration of the diverted water was generally less than that of the Yellow River, about 86% of the sediment concentration in the Yellow River. In the gravity irrigation system of the Lower Yellow River, the diverted sediment concentration was less than or almost the same and the diverted sediment was slightly finer or almost the same as that in the trunk canal,which resulted in serious sedimentation in the trunk canal. If a entrance of a pumping irrigation station is built below the water depth with the average sediment concentration, the sediment concentration of the diverted water with coarser sediment is more than that in the trunk canal, which will result in less sedimentation in the trunk canal. If a pumping station is built at the middle or lower section of the trunk canal, the chance of backwater in the canal may be reduced and the sediment transport capacity of the canal may be increased through adjusting the amount of diverted water of the pumping station.