中文摘要：

背景：近年来,大量文献证实脂肪间充质干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞具有相同的特性、细胞表面标志,包括向成骨细胞、软骨细胞、成肌细胞、脂肪细胞和神经元样细胞分化的能力。目的：综述脂肪间充质干细胞分离培养,分化等生物学特性及其治疗神经系统疾病的临床应用情况。方法：由第一作者检索1989年1月至2012年1月PubMed数据库中有关脂肪间充质干细胞的神经向分化能力及治疗神经系统疾病的文献,检索词为＂mesenchymal stem cells,nervous system disease,stem cell therapy＂。共检索到733篇文献,最终保留26篇进行归纳总结。结果与结论：脂肪组织在人体内含量丰富,获得率高,且提取纯化后的细胞纯度高,活性大,扩增能力强,使脂肪间充质干细胞成为再生医学应用的理想种子细胞。最近研究指出脂肪间充质干细胞明显促进了神经损伤后的功能修复。但是,至今脂肪间充质干细胞发挥疗效的各种机制尚停留在探索性研究阶段,且其用于治疗神经系统疾病的有效性和安全性尚缺乏大量临床病例资料,从而制约其在临床的大力开展。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND：It has been recently confirmed that adipose-derived stem cells have the characteristics of the mesenchymal stem cells（MSC） residing in bone marrow.They have the same cell surface markers and are capable of differentiating into the same cell types,including osteoblasts,chondrocytes,myoblasts,adipocytes,and neuron-like cells.OBJECTIVE：To review the biological characteristics of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their clinical application for treatment of somatic nervous system diseases.METHODS：A computer-based online retrieval of PubMed database was performed to search the papers describing neural differentiation capacity of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells and their clinical application for treatment of nervous system diseases published during January 1989 to January 2012 using the key words mesenchymal stem cell,nervous system disease,stem cell therapy.A total of 733 papers were retrieved,and 26 were included for final analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：Adipose tissue is ubiquitous in human body,can be easily harvested and is of high purity,with high activity and strong amplification,which make adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells to become the ideal seed cells for clinical application in regeneration medicine.Recent studies have pointed out that adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells greatly promote the functional recovery of injured nerve.Nevertheless,the mechanism underlying curative effects of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells are still in the exploratory stage,and the efficacy and safety of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells in treatment of nervous system disease need to be investigated by a large number of clinical case data.All these restrict the clinical application of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells.