中文摘要：

首先介绍生物膜的基本性质和力学性质,然后分析和综述国内外在咸水淡水水域中研究生物膜对床面形貌和泥沙力学特性影响的相关研究,并对生物膜模型的发展进程进行概括,在此基础上,结合生物膜在水利工程中的研究现状,探讨了今后的研究方向。生物膜的生长能够形成相对光滑的表面提高床面稳定性;另一方面受生物膜在颗粒间黏结力的影响形成的生物絮体其起动和沉降等力学特性都会发生改变。虽然大多数研究主要集中在咸水区域,但是近年来由于淡水环境的营养物质过剩为生物膜的生长提供有利条件,淡水区域的研究呈现逐步增多的趋势,咸淡水中生物膜影响的差异以及生物膜模型的深入探讨是未来研究的重点。

英文摘要：

The basic characteristics and mechanical properties of biofilm are presented at first,then the studies of biofilm effects on bed morphology and mechanical characteristics are reviewed and analyzed. Meanwhile,the development of the mathematical model,which is used as an important cognition and practical application tool,is reviewed. At last,some suggestions are made for studies in the future. The colonization of biofilm can form a relatively smooth surface resulting in higher stability. Besides,the biofilm adhesive force leads to large aggregations,which changes the incipient and settling mechanics. Researches are mostly taken in marine area,but studies are gradually increasing in freshwater environment because of the pollution stress. The variances in different aquatic systems and the biofilm modeling are the trends of future research.