中文摘要：

由于表面效应、小尺寸效应和量子效应，使纳米结构的导电聚合物材料与传统聚合物材料相比，显示出更优越的性能。基于神经组织对电场和电刺激敏感性，使得导电聚合物纳米材料在生物医学应用方面很有前景。本文综述了纳米结构的导电聚合物的合成方法，及其在生物医学领域的应用。合成方法主要关注于硬模板法、软模板法和无模板自组装法，以及这些方法中导电聚合物纳米结构的形成机理。总结了具有纳米结构的导电聚合物，如纳米颗粒、纳米纤维和纳米管等作为神经电极涂层材料和生物传感器等方面的应用。

英文摘要：

The conducting polymers with the nanostructure are clearly advantageous over their conventional counterparts because of their huge surface area, small size and quantum effects. Conductive polymer nanomaterials have a promise in biomedical application on the basis of the fact that neural tissue is sensitive to electric field and electrical stimulation. This article reviews various methods for synthesis of conducting polymers with nanostructure and their applications in biomedical field, focusing on hard-template, soft-template, template-free synthesis, and the formation mechanism of conducting polymer nanostructures by these methods. The potential of the conducting polymers with the nanostructures, such as nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoparticles, as nerve electrode coating materials and biological sensors are also summarized.