中文摘要：

目的：通过航天诱变选育优良的知母突变体，定向培育成药用部分品质提升的优良种质资源。方法：利用我国发射的神舟三号宇宙飞船搭载知母种子，回收后在地面上筛选繁育，并对枝叶和产量等方面占优势的第4代太空组及地面组知母药用部分中多种元素含量用X射线荧光光谱（XRF）和粉末x射线衍射（PXRD）法测定并对比分析。结果：太空知母元素种类无改变，但Zn、Sr元素含量比地面组知母分别提高到2．7和1．7倍，Al元素含量降低66．7％；并首次用PXRD技术在知母中鉴别出一水草酸钙晶体，太空知母中该晶体含量和晶粒尺寸比地面组明显减小。结论：航天诱变第4代知母中一水草酸钙晶体的含量明显减少，微量元素指标明显优化。通过航天诱变育种可以筛选出品质优化的知母新品种。

英文摘要：

Objective：To select excellent Anemarrhena asphodeloides mutants by space treatment and to cultivate directively new varieties with high contents of muhiple active index. Method：To carry Anemarrhena asphodeloides seeds by using SHENZHOU ＂3＂ and breed it on ground. In this paper, the 4th generation space Anemarrhena as- phodeloides group（ the space group） which was stabilized in heredity with predominance in leaf and yield and the ground group was analyzed by X - ray fluorescent analysis and X - ray diffraction, the contents of elements of the two samples were measured and analyzed. Results：The mineral substance element type did not change, but the Zn and Sr element contents enhanced to 2. 7 and 1.7 times,and the A] element reduced 64. 7% ;The Whewellite crys- tal was discovered in outer space Anemarrhena asphodeloides for the first time;both the Whewellite crystal content and the crystal grain size in the outer space Anemarrhena asphodeloides reduced obviously. Conclusion： In the space group the contents and proportions of the mineral elements and the contents of the crystalline and the amorphous or- ganic substance are improved and optimized. Space flight mutagenesis is an effective method for the new Anemarrhena asphodeloides breed selection. It can breed Anemarrhena asphodeloides that optimized in quality.