中文摘要：

当前工业能源消耗中所排放的低品位余热量大面广,若采用高效的余热利用技术将这部分余热回收,将具有显著的节能效果。工业余热热泵技术可以实现余热品位的提升或容量的扩大,一方面可以将回收的热量应用到工业流程中,另一方面可以在区域供热及供冷方面发挥作用。本文分析了压缩式热泵、吸收式热泵与化学热泵的特点与发展趋势。目前三种热泵技术都在工质、循环以及系统创新方面得到了较大的发展,但是在容量、能效比、温升与可靠性方面存在不可兼得的瓶颈问题。此外,工业余热根据种类以及温度品位的不同,适用场合与特点也各不相同。但目前在余热回收利用的设备与系统方面,缺乏针对不同余热特点的指导性设计准则。未来的研究需要集中在发展效率高、容量大、热适应性好、稳定可靠的热泵技术,形成各余热热泵互补利用的广谱化设计准则。同时需要通过对余热的热、电、冷、储、运的网络化利用进行余热系统高质化集成,实现工业余热的高效利用。

英文摘要：

Plenty of low-grade heat is produced duringindustrial energy consumption. Waste heat reuse significantly contributesto energy- savings ifhigh-effieieney technologies are employed for heat recovery. Heat pump technology allowsfor temperature upgrading and capacity ex- pansion of industrial waste heat. The recovered heat can then be supplied to industrial processes orused in district heating and cooling. In this paper, the characteristics and development trends of vapor compression heat pumps, sorption heat pumps, and chemical heat pumpsare introduced. These three heat pump technologies have been greatly improved interms of working fluid, cycle optimization,and system innova- tion. Nonetheless, there are some incompatible optimizing targetsassociated with capacity, energy efficiency, temperature lift, and stability. Moreover, the applications and characteristics of industrial waste heat vary depending on its category and temperature grade. Design gnide- lines suitable for different waste heat conditions are lacking for heatrecoveryequipment and systems. Further research should focus on heat pump technologies characterized as high efficiency, large capacity, and high thermal adaptability, stability, and reliability. In addition, general design principles should be developed for mutually complementary applications of different heat pumps. Meanwhile, the high-quality integration of heat recovery systems can be accomplished to realize the highly efficient use of industrial waste heat by means of energy network utilization, including heating, power generation, cooling, and storage and transportation technologies.