中文摘要：

在构造活动地区，软沉积物变形是研究古地震的一种关键证据。近年来，湖相沉积中的软沉积物变形受到越来越多的关注，但多数研究局限于软沉积物变形的形态分类。相比之下，对软沉积物变形的成因分析、触发机制和变形过程缺少系统分析，以至于软沉积物变形能否反映地震事件，以及软沉积物变形类型、强弱与地震震级和震中位置是否存在明确关联还存在较大争议。鉴于此，本文选择软沉积物变形中典型的变形构造—负载、球—枕构造，从其具体特征、成因、触发机制、变形过程、变形强弱与震级及震中距关系等方面展开讨论。统计结果显示，当沉积记录中的负载、球—枕构造为地震成因时，其代表的震级可能为6.0-7.0级，震中距约为20-70 km。就相同变形强度的负载、球—枕构造来说，湖相沉积记录的震级最强，其次为河湖相沉积和海相沉积。负载、球—枕构造变形层的宽度和厚度以及球状半径大小与地震震级具有正相关关系，而岩性与地震震级大小没有直接的对应关系。利用软沉积物变形所对应的地震震级估算距震中距离，或者采用软沉积变形距断层距离估算地震震级的方法都是可行的。这样看来，软沉积物变形不仅能够记录地震事件，而且能够根据其变形类型、尺度大小和强度变化等，较好地确定地震震级及震中位置，为古地震研究提供了一个相对独立的研究方向。

英文摘要：

Soft sediment deformation （SSD） are reliable evidences for demonstrating paleoearthquake occurrences in tectonically active regions. However,many researchers only noticed the shape classification of SSD. In contrast,systematic discussion the genetic analysis,trigger mechanism,deformation process of SSD are lack. What＇s more,whether the SSD can record seismic events,and the relationship between intensity of SSD and the earthquake magnitudes and epicenter distances remains a matter of debate. Focusing on this topic,we choose a typical deformation of load,ball and pillow structure in SSD,from its specific characteristic,genetic analysis,trigger mechanism,deformation process,deformation intensity,and the relationship with earthquake magnitudes and epicentral distances. The statistical results show that load,ball and pillow structure represent a minimum seismic magnitude of 5 and maximum magnitude of more than 8, and mostly correspond to magnuitudes 6-7 and epicentral distances of 20-70 km. For a given intensity of load,ball and pillow structure, a largest earthquake magnitudes is required to generate these structures in lacustrine sediments,followed by fluvio lacustrine,marine sediments. The deformation layer width and thickness of load,ball and pillow structure and ball radius sizes,which have positive correlation with earthquake magnitudes.The lithology is not directly corresponding to the earthquake magnitudes. It is possible to assesment of epicentral location or the maximum liquified distances by using the earthquake magnitude which evalute from the intensity of SSD,also in turn. SSD not only can record seismic events,but also evalute the earthquake magnitudes and epicentral location according to their deformation form,size and intensity etc. So the SSD provides a relatively independent research interests for the paleoearthquake research.