中文摘要：

碳负极材料是迄今为止综合性能最好的锂离子电池负极材料。通过对碳材料微观结构的设计，能够显著改善锂离子电池的能量密度、功率密度和循环寿命，适应新能源汽车对动力电池的要求。与传统石墨负极材料相比，硬碳具有嵌锂容量高、倍率性能好以及循环寿命长等优点。研究者通过改变碳源、优化制备工艺，相继制备了一系列结构独特性能优异的硬碳材料。基于硬碳基锂离子电池负极材料的最新研究进展，总结了以不同碳源制备硬碳材料的研究工作，并简要分析了硬碳的微观结构对材料嵌锂性能的影响。最后总结并指出了该领域亟待解决的问题以及未来的发展方向。

英文摘要：

So far, carbon anode materials for lithium-ion batteries （LIBs） have delivered the best comprehensive performance. And the cycle life, energy and power density of LIBs can be improved significantly to meet the requirements of new energy vehicles for power batteries by the design of microstructure of carbon materials. Comparing to the traditional graphite based anode material, hard carbon delivers a higher storage capacity, better rate and cycle performance and so on. Researchers have prepared a series of hard carbons with novel structure and excellent properties by using different carbon sources and optimizing the preparation process. This paper presents the state-of-the-art developments in the preparation of the hard carbons from various carbon sources. It also roughly analyzes the influence of the microstructure of the hard carbons on the lithium intercalation properties. Finally, the perspec- tives and issues to be resolved for the hard carbon materials are discussed.