中文摘要：

细胞移植是一种有希望的组织再生的治疗手段.多种类型的细胞已经用于动物心肌损伤的修复中,包括胚胎干细胞、胚胎和新生动物的心肌细胞、骨骼肌成肌细胞、骨髓干细胞、脂肪来源的干细胞、可诱导的多能干细胞等.但是,这些用于移植的细胞存在成活率低、在心脏局部存留少、与宿主心肌细胞不能整合和免疫排斥等问题,这些问题限制了它们的应用.心脏自身存在的干细胞因为没有其他来源细胞存在的种种问题,因而成为备受关注的治疗心肌梗死的种子细胞.但是,心脏干/祖细胞也有自身弊端,包括干细胞群的细胞生物学或遗传学标志没有统一,在心肌中数量极少,体外扩增能力有限等,因而限制了心脏干/祖细胞的有效应用.如何能有效动员和促进心脏干/祖细胞增殖,依赖于人们对心脏干/祖细胞增殖、分化、归巢的调控机制,包括心脏干/祖细胞修复损伤心肌的分子机制的深入了解.本文将就近年来在心脏再生领域中,心脏干/祖细胞的研究新进展进行综述.

英文摘要：

Cell-based therapy is the promising regeneration treatment for cardiac diseases.A variety of cell types had been utilized in cardiac repair,including embryonic stem cells,embryonic or neonatal cardiomyocytes,skeletal myoblasts,and bone marrow mesenchymal or adipose tissue-derived stem cells besides the pluripotent stem cells.Yet disadvantages have been discovered in their application,such as low survival rate,short retention in heart,insufficient integration with host cells and immunologic rejection.Adult resident stem or progenitor cells in the heart have been attractive,nevertheless,the disadvantages of lacking markers of cardiac stem/progenitor cells,scarce of available sources and their limited ability of mobilization and proliferation hindered their potential uses.The better understanding of molecular mechanisms on the proliferation,differentiation and homing regulation of cardiac stem/progenitor cells during the repair of heart injury is critical to effectively mobilize and expand the heart stem/progenitor cells for applications.This review discusses the potentials of resident cardiac stem and progenitor cells in heart injury and introduces the achievements in heart regeneration in recent years.