中文摘要：

MicroRNAfmiRNA）是一类内源性的介导基因沉默的小分子RNA，在神经系统的发育、分化及功能行使中发挥重要作用。神经系统退行性疾病和抑郁症等多种疾病都会导致学习记忆功能障碍。患者脑内异常表达的miRNA可以通过多种途径影响疾病的发生和发展。本文将重点从miRNA对神经元突触可塑性和学习记忆功能障碍相关疾病的影响，讨论miRNA在学习和记忆功能障碍中所发挥的作用。

英文摘要：

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are endogenous small RNAs that can silence the gene expression, miRNAs play an important role in neuronal development,differentiation and function. Neurodegenerative diseases and depression are associated with impairment of learning and memory. The deregulation of miRNAs can affect the occurrence and development of these diseases in many ways. This review highlights the effect of miRNAs on synaptic plasticity and diseases, and also discusses the function of miRNAs in learning and memory dysfunction.