中文摘要：

基于实地调查和文献资料，系统分析了西双版纳培育使用高抗寒、高产橡胶品种的生态问题和种质资源流失.结果表明：胶农以建立橡胶苗圃和经营橡胶种植地的循环模式发展橡胶产业；滥用高抗寒、高产品种使橡胶种植扩张到海拔1300m的高地，导致了天然森林及物种遭到破坏、土壤肥力降低、区域性干旱、病虫害爆发、人象冲突；西双版纳橡胶高抗寒、高产种质资源及其知识产权正在无控制的向境外流出，潜在的生态风险和经济风险更大.天然橡胶产业部门和政府机构对此应给予足够的重视，并采取相应措施保护橡胶种质资源，减少生态风险.

英文摘要：

Based on the field investigation data and related literatures, this paper analyzed the ecological issues in the breeding and utilization of highly cold-resistant and high-yielding rubber germplasm in Xishuangbanna, and the loss risk of this gennplasm. The rubber farmers in Xishuangbanna had built a cycle pattern of establishing rubber nursery and managing rubber plantations to develop the local rubber industry, but the unlimited utilization of this germplasm made the rubber plantations expand to the highland with an elevation of 1300 m, resulting in the ecological issues such as the destruction of natural forests and species, eases and insect pests, and human-elephant decline of soil fertility, regional drought, rubber disconflicts. This germplsm and its intellectual property were under transnational loss without any control, making even more potential ecological and economic risks. Great attentions should be paid by the related organizations to take effective measures to conserve this germplsm resource to reduce its potential risks.