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中文摘要：
在我国北方早地，施入土壤而未被作物吸收利用的肥料N，主要以NO3^--N的形式残留于土壤中。残留的NO3^--N如不及时被作物吸收利用，在降水或灌水的作用下，会淋入土壤深层，或随径流进入地表水体，或经反硝化形成N2O进入大气，对土壤、水体和大气环境构成严重威胁。本文分析了旱地农田生态系统中，NO3^--N在土壤剖面的残留淋溶与施肥、灌溉／降水、耕作、土壤、植物等因素的关系。提出在今后的研究工作中应特别注意的问题：①建立长期定位试验，确定NO3^--N淋溶闽值，评价和预测NO3^--N残留和淋失的趋势；②优化作物栽培和养分资源管理措施，提高作物利用土壤NO3^--N的能力；③改进N肥施用技术，加强N素管理，防止NO3^--N在土壤中大量累积。
英文摘要：
Fertilizer nitrogen （N） mainly remains in form of nitrate N in dryland soil of northern China if not taken up by crops, which may be leached downward to subsoil by rainfall and irrigation water, flowed into groundwater by runoff, and released to atmosphere in form of N2O by denitrification, thus, may threat soil, water and atmosphere. Residue and leaching of nitrate N in soil profile and its relationships to factors, such as fertilization, irrigation and/or precipitation, tillage, soil and plant were discussed in this paper, and issues worthy especially attention in future study were also put forward： ①establishing long-term experiments to determine threshold of nitrate N leaching, and to forecast tendency of nitrate residue and leaching; ②optimizing crop cultivation and nutrient management to promote crop capacity to use soil nitrate N; ③improving fertilization technique to enhance nitrogen management and to prevent nitrate N accumulation in dryland soil.
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