中文摘要：

同步辐射共聚焦X射线方法是一种元素成分及其化学结构的三维无损分析方法，在地质、考古、环境、生物及材料等领域具有重要的应用。在上海光源的硬X射线微聚焦光束线站（BL15U）建立共聚焦X射线实验方法，并用于故宫彩绘样品的制作工艺及层状结构分析。基于BLl5U的K-B聚焦系统，在能散探测器前采用会聚毛细管半透镜实现与K-B聚焦镜焦点的共聚焦状态，深度分辨在＆04keV（Cu-Kα）为31.5μm，可以开展共聚焦微束X射线荧光（Micro-X-rayFluomenee，Micro．XRF）和共聚焦微束X射线吸收精细结构（Micro—X．rayAbsorptionFineStructure，Micro-XAFS）实验研究。对故宫斗彩陶瓷和彩绘样品进行了元素及其化学态的深度分布分析，获得了斗彩陶瓷特有的三层釉结构以及彩绘样品内部颜料的化学信息。实验结果表明，该系统具有较高的空间分辨和探测灵敏度，是文物样品三维无损分析的有力工具。

英文摘要：

Background： Confocal micro-X-ray method is a sensitive tool for analysis of three dimensional （3D） elemental composition and chemical species, and has many important applications in the research fields such as geology, archaeology, environment, biology and materials sciences. Purpose： Confocal micro-X-ray method was established at BL 15U in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility （SSRF） and applied to study the stratified structure of some kind of paints in the Forbidden City. Methods： By the combination of pollycapillary half lens and K-B mirrors, a confocal micro volume is formed by the overlapped foci of these two focusing optics. The confocal system had a depth resolution of about 31.5 ~tm at 8.04 keV and can be used to perform the confocal micro X-ray fluorescence （Micro-XRF） and confocal micro X-ray absorption fine structure （Micro-XAFS） experiments. Results： A typical structure of Doucai with three glaze layers has been disclosed by the confocal Micro-XRF. The chemical information of Fe inside the paint was obtained by confocal Micro-XAFS. Conclusion： The confocal micro-X-ray facility is indicated to be a powerful tool for 3D analysis of fine arts samples.