中文摘要：

【目的】测序和分析黄侧异腹胡蜂Parapolybia crocea线粒体基因组,并在线粒体基因组水平探讨异腹胡蜂属Parapolybia在胡蜂科中的系统发育地位。【方法】用Illumina二代测序技术测定黄侧异腹胡蜂线粒体基因组全序列,分析其结构特点和碱基组成;使用最大似然法（maximum likelihood,ML）构建胡蜂科7个种线粒体基因组的系统发育树,分析其在胡蜂科中的系统发育关系。【结果】黄侧异腹胡蜂线粒体基因组全长16 619 bp（Gen Bank登录号：KY679828）,包含13个蛋白质编码基因,22个t RNA基因,2个r RNA基因（rrn S和rrn L）和1个控制区,基因排列顺序与推测的昆虫祖先序列不完全一致;全部蛋白质编码基因的起始密码子均为ATN,终止密码子除CYTB和ND1为TAG外,其余均为TAA;除t RNASer（AGN）的DHU臂缺失外,其他t RNA均能折叠成典型的三叶草结构;控制区中存在一个18 bp的T-stretch结构和2段串联重复序列。胡蜂科7个种基于线粒体基因组的系统发育关系表现为蜾蠃亚科＋（胡蜂亚科＋马蜂亚科）,异腹胡蜂属与马蜂属Polistes同属于马蜂亚科。【结论】黄侧异腹胡蜂线粒体基因组存在基因重排现象。基于线粒体基因组的胡蜂科系统发育关系与传统的形态分类学结果一致：异腹胡蜂属隶属于马蜂亚科,马蜂亚科与胡蜂亚科的亲缘关系较其与蜾蠃亚科更近。

英文摘要：

[ Aim ] To sequence and analyze the complete mitochondrial genome of Parapolybia crocea, and to explore the phylogenetic position of Parapolybia in Vespidae based on mitochondrial genome sequences. [ Methods ] The complete mitochondrial genome of P. crocea was sequenced by using Illumina sequencing technique, and its general features and base composition were analyzed. The phylogenetic tree of mitochondrial genomes of seven vespid species was constructed by using maximum likelihood method, and their phylogenetic relationships within Vespidae were analyzed. [ Resuks ] The mitochondrial genome of P. crocea is a circular molecule of 16 619 bp （GenBank no. ~ KY679828 ）, including 13 protein coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes （rrnS and rrnL）, and one control region （CR）. The gene arrangement of P. crocea is not completely consistent with the putative ancestral sequence of insects. All protein-coding genes initiate with the start codon ATN. The stop codon of these genes is TAA, except for CYTB and ND1 which terminates with TAG. All the predicted tRNAs show the classic clover-leaf structure, except for the absence of DHU arm of tRNAser（Azn）. The control region contains one 18 bp T-stretch structure and two tandem repeat sequences. The vhvlozenetic relationships of seven species within Vespidae based on the mitochondrial genomes present as Eumeninae ＋ （Vespinae ＋ Polistinae）, and Parapolybia and Polistes are grouped into the subfamily Polistinae. [ Conclusion ] Gene rearrangement exists in the mitochondrial genome of P. crocea. The phylogenetic relationships of Vespidae constructed based on the mitochondrial genomes are consistent with those in traditional morphological taxonomy： Parapolybia is grouped into Polistinae, and the relationship between Polistinae and Vespinae is closer than that between Polistinae and Eumeninae.