中文摘要：

传统的工业超声成像方法通常只能确定缺陷的位置与横向尺寸,无法获得缺陷的形貌信息.一些特殊的缺陷,如纵向裂纹,是典型的例子.基于多阵元技术,开展了固体介质缺陷逆时偏移超声成像方法的数值与实验研究.针对铝块平底纵裂纹及内部纵裂纹两种传统方法无法有效成像的缺陷,首先开展了单分量逆时偏移成像方法研究,给出了基于数值仿真的逆时偏移成像结果以及基于多阵元超声成像实验系统实验测试的逆时偏移成像结果.进一步开展了基于多分量位移检测与转换横波分离的逆时偏移成像方法研究,并提出了基于新型多分量激光干涉仪进行检测的思路.数值仿真结果证实了多分量逆时偏移图像重建结果可以克服单分量方式的缺点,得到明显优于单分量检测时的图像.

英文摘要：

The problem in traditional industrial ultrasonic imaging methods is the difficulty to obtain the appearance or the shape of defects inside solid materials although the methods have the ability to detect and determine the position and lateral dimensions. These special defects, like the vertical slot or crack, are typical examples. Based on the multi-element array ultrasonic technique, the numerical and experimental studies on reverse time migration （RTM） ultrasonic imaging for metalic materials are carried out. In this paper, the objects in detecting and imaging experiments are aluminum samples with slot intersecting the bottom or interior slot, which cannot be effectively detected by traditional ultrasonic methods. First the single component ultrasonic field for RTM imaging is studied to obtain RTM ultrasonic imaging results based on numerical simulation and experimental measurements using a multi-element array ultrasonic testing system. Then, the RTM imaging techniques based on multi-component ultrasonic ：displacement field detection and converted shear wave separation are further studied, and a new approach using a multi-component laser interferometer is proposed. Numerical simulation results verify that the multi-component RTM imaging reconstructive method can overcome the shortcomings of single component method, and obtain better image quality.