中文摘要：

利用全球模式CCM3嵌套区域模式MM5的方法研究了末次盛冰期海陆分布、植被和大尺度环流背景场变化对末次盛冰期气候变化的作用。模式结果表明：与现代相比，末次盛冰期东亚地区海陆分布发生的变化造成这一地区冬季减温，夏季增温，这个变化对中国东部近海地区的温度和降水产生明显的影响，尤其是对降水的影响。它使得中国东部地区降水减少，由此造成的降水减少占末次盛冰期降水减少的25％-50％。海陆分布的变化对内陆和中国西部地区影响很小。末次盛冰期中国东部地区植被发生了明显的变化，温带和寒带植物南移，热带植物的覆盖范围减少。中国东部地区植被的巨大变化对温度产生了影响，使该地区冬季增温，夏季减温，年平均温度变化不大。末次盛冰期全球气候发生巨大的变化，即大尺度环流背景场变化。它使得中国地区的温度和降水产生显著变化，这个变化造成中国地区温度降低，并且决定了温度变化的主要分布和变化特征，东北地区是中国末次盛冰期降温最大的地区，青藏高原的降温超过同纬度的东部地区等。同时，大尺度背景场的变化还控制着降水的变化，末次盛冰期中国西部地区和东北地区降水的变化几乎完全是背景场变化引起的，其对华北和华东地区降水的影响大约为50％-75％。综合我们研究的影响末次盛冰期中国地区气候变化的因子，按影响程度由大到小排序为：大尺度环流背景场、海陆分布变化、植被变化、CO2浓度变化和地球轨道参数变化。

英文摘要：

Using regional climate model MM5 nested with an atmospheric global climate model CCM3, a series of simulations and sensitivity experiments have been performed to investigate responses of the LGM climate to changes of land-sea distribution, vegetation and large-scale circulation background over China. Model results show that relative to the present day climate, changes in sea-land distribution in eastern Asia during the LGM resulted in temperature decrease in winter and increase in summer. It had significant impact on the temperature and precipitation in the east coastal region of China. The impact on precipitation in the east coastal region of China was most significant, accounting for 25 % - 50 % of the total precipitation reduction during the LGM. On the other hand, the changes in sea-land distribution had less influence on the climate over the inland and western part of China. During the LGM, significant changes in vegetation resulted in temperature altered with increase in winter and decrease in summer, but alterations in annual mean temperature were minor. During the LGM, the global climate, i.e. , the large-scale circulation background, underwent significant changes. These changes had significant impacts on temperature and precipitation over China. They resulted in considerable temperature decreases in this area, and impacted the primary patterns and characteristics of temperature changes. Results display that Northeast China had the greatest temperature decrease, and the temperature decrease in Tibetan Plateau was larger than that in the eastern part of China at the same latitude. Moreover, the change of largescale circulation background also controlled the pattern of precipitation change. Results also show that most, i. e. about 50 % - 75 % , of the changes in precipitation over the western and north-eastern parts of China was resuited of changes of large-scale circulation background. Over China, the LGM climate responded to different mechanisms in order from strong to weak are, large-scale circulation pa