中文摘要：

目的 分析我国城乡地区老年人抑郁症状的现状、差异及影响因素。方法 数据源自2013年中国健康与养老全国追踪调查（CHARLS），调查采用抑郁自评量表（CES-D）得分评定抑郁症状，运用二分类logistic回归模型分析影响因素。结果 老年人抑郁症状的平均得分为（8.3±5.9）分，抑郁症状发生率为26.8%。城市老年人抑郁症状发生率（16.4%）低于农村（30.0%）。男性、自评健康好、无慢性病、社会活动参与积极的城乡老年人抑郁症状发生相对较低（P〈0.05）。年龄和饮酒状况是农村老年人特有的抑郁症状影响因素，月收入水平是城市老年人特有的抑郁症状的影响因素。≥ 75岁的农村老年人抑郁症状发生率相对较低（P〈0.05），戒酒的农村老年人抑郁症状发生率较高（P〈0.05）。月收入最高水平的城市老年人抑郁症状发生率相对较低（P〈0.05）。结论 我国城乡老年人抑郁症状发生率较高，且农村高于城市。城乡老年人抑郁症状发生影响因素存在异同。

英文摘要：

Objective The aim of this research was to study the prevalence and differences of depressive symptoms and related factors in elderly in both urban and rural areas so as to develop relative strategies on this issue. Methods Ten-question-version of the Center Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale （CES-D） was applied to score the depressive status. Data used in this research was from the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS）. Binary logistic regressions method was applied to examine the influential factors related to depression symptoms. Results In the elderly population, the mean score on depressive symptoms was 8.3±5.9, with a prevalence as 26.8%. The incidence rates on ‘Elderly depression’ in urban and rural areas were 16.4% and 30.0% respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was relatively low （P〈0.05） with protective factors including：being male, status related to self-rated health, without chronic diseases, active participation in social activities etc. noticed, among elderly in both urban and rural areas. Age and alcohol consumption appeared factors that influencing the depressive symptoms of the elderly in rural areas, while the average income was an influencing factor on the elderly in urban areas. Incidence of depression was relatively low in age ≥ 75 years group in rural areas. However, elderly in the rural areas with abstinence of alcohol intake showed higher incidence of depressive symptoms （P〈0.05）. Incidence of depression was reltively low （P〈0.05） among elderly with high income in the urban areas. Conclusions Incidence of depression appeared high among the elderly and even higher in the rural areas. Strategies would include the following points：to strengthen the construction of urban-rural integration, improving and strengthening the rural pension insurance system, upgrading the urban social assistance for low-income elderly, strengthening the psychological consultation service of primary medical institutions and actively developi