中文摘要：

转基因作物的商品化生产和大规模环境释放，引起了全球对生物安全问题的广泛关注和争议，其中转基因通过花粉介导的基因漂移逃逸到非转基因作物及其野生近缘种，进而带来不同类型的环境风险就是备受争议的生物安全问题之一。有效的生物安全评价和研究能够为转基因作物的安全持久利用保驾护航。按照风险评价的原则．对于转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的评价应包括两个重要步骤：（1）检测转基因向野生近缘种f包括杂草类型1群体逃逸的频率；（2）确定逃逸后的转基因能否通过遗传渐渗在野生近缘种群体中存留和扩散。杂交一渐渗是进化生物学中非常重要的科学命题和普遍的自然现象，杂交一渐渗的进化理论与转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的研究和评价有密切的关系。杂交一渐渗过程往往导致物种形成、适应性进化和自然群体的濒危与灭绝，这是因为在杂交一渐渗过程中，不同的机制如遗传同化作用、群体湮没效应以及群体的选择性剔除效应等都会在很大程度上影响群体的进化过程。转基因通过杂交一渐渗进入野生群体，使这一过程更加复杂化。如果转基因能提高群体的适合度，则更有利于其渐渗速率，从而在群体中迅速扩散并带来一定的生态后果。杂交一渐渗的进化理论和思想将有益于指导转基因逃逸及其潜在环境风险的研究和评价。

英文摘要：

The commercial production and extensive environmental release of genetically modified （GM） crops have aroused worldwide concerns and debates over the biosafety of these crops. Transgene escape and its potential environmental risks are among the most debated biosafety issues. Transgene（s） can move from a GM crop to its non-GM counterparts and wild relatives via pollen-mediated gene flow, potentially causing various types of environmental problems. Effective biosafety assessment and research can facilitate the safe and sustainable application of GM crops. Following the framework of risk assessment, there are two critical steps for assessing environmental risks caused by transgene escape： （1） to measure frequencies of transgene escape from a GM crop to its non-GM counterpart or wild relative species （including weedy forms） via pollen-mediated gene flow; and （2） to determine the persist and spread of escaped transgene（s） in wild or weedy populations through introgression. The study of hybridization-introgression represents one of the most im- portant and common phenomena in plant evolutionary, the study of which also includes the two important steps： to estimate frequencies of hybridization and to know the introgression of gene（s） in question within or among populations. The evolutionary theory of hybridization-introgression has a very close relationship with research and assessment of transgene escape and its potential environmental risks. The process of hybridiza-tion-introgression usually results in speciation, endangered status, extinction, or adaptive evolution of plant species. This is because important effects such as genetic assimilation, demographic swamping, and selective sweeps during the hybridization-introgression process, can considerably affect the evolutionary process of plant populations, into which the incorporation of transgenes may complicate the evolutionary process. If transgenes in question can significantly increase the fitness of individuals, they will quickly