Toll样受体(Toll-like receptor, TLR)是一类重要的模式识别受体,其胞外结构域可识别特定的病原相关分子模式(Pathogen-associated molecular patterns, PAMPs),胞内的TIR (Toll-like/IL-1 receptor)结构域则参与启动胞内信号转导,诱导细胞产生活性氧中间体(Reactive oxygen intermediate)、活性氮中间体(Reactive nitrogen intermedi-ate)和促炎症因子,在感染早期发挥重要作用[1]。在哺乳动物中,髓样分化因子88(Myeloid differentiation factor 88, MyD88)是TLR信号通路的关键接头分子,其C端TIR域与TLR的TIR相互结合后,通过募集IL-1受体相关激酶(Interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase, IRAK)IRAK4、IRAK1和IRAK2,激活NF-κB和MAPK,进而诱导IL-1、TNF和IFN等细胞因子表达[2-4]。