中文摘要：

背景：诱导多能干细胞技术解决了伦理学和免疫排斥等矛盾,高效安全定向诱导多能干细胞技术成了当今研究的主流。目的：综述诱导多能干细胞的诱导安全性和应用进展。方法：应用计算机检索Pub Med及中国期刊全文数据库2006年1月至2016年3月有关诱导多能干细胞的文章,英文检索词为＂induced pluripotent stem cell,reprogramming,clinical application,safety,transcription factor,disease model＂,中文检索词为＂诱导多能干细胞,重编程,临床应用,遗传安全性,转录因子,疾病模型＂。结果与结论：近年来诱导多能干细胞的研究备受科研界和医学界的关注,并努力克服了免疫和伦理问题,成功获得了诱导多能干细胞。但由于无法解决诱导多能干细胞技术中的安全性、效率和诱导多能干细胞细胞再分化机制等方面的问题,而局限于理论和实验室研究,迟迟无法应用于临床。如何安全高效的将诱导多能干细胞诱导为患者需要的类型并进行移植,如何建立良好的疾病模型与高通量药物筛选平台,涉及各方面的基础研究,面临着巨大的困难和挑战。

英文摘要：

BACKGROUND： Induced pluripotent stem cell technology have solved the contradiction between the ethics and immune rejection, and this high-efficient and safe technique is becoming the mainstream of today＇s research. OBJECTIVE： To comprehensively review the safety and application of induced pluripotent stem cells.METHODS： A computer-based online retrieval of Pub Med and CNKI was performed to search relevant papers published from January 2006 to April 2016, with the key words of ＂induced pluripotent stem cell, reprogramming, clinical application, safety, transcription factor, disease mode＂ in English and Chinese, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION： In recent years, research on induced pluripotent stem cells has attracted much attention from the scientific community and the medical community, and this technique has successfully gained induced pluripotent stem cells and overcome the problems of immunity and ethics. However, it is limited to the theoretical and laboratory research due to the inability to solve the safety, efficiency and re-differentiation mechanism of induced pluripotent stem cells. Therefore, we are faced with enormous difficulties and challenges, which involve all aspects of basic research, including how to safely and effectively induce the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into the desired cell type and how to establish a suitable disease model as well as a high-throughput drug screening platform.