中文摘要：

目的：从形态学角度观察三七总皂苷、黄连提取物、虎杖提取物和大黄醇提物对ApoE基因敲除小鼠主动脉易损斑块的影响。方法：80只ApoE基因敲除小鼠予高脂饮食喂养26周后，给药13周，处死取主动脉根部4个切面，分别行HE染色和Movat染色，测量并计算细胞外脂质、泡沫细胞、胶原成分各自占斑块面积的百分比，埋藏纤维帽数目以及纤维帽／斑块表层比值，并用免疫组化染色半定量观察斑块内平滑肌细胞的阳性面积，最后采用易损指数（细胞外脂质成分＋泡沫细胞／平滑肌细胞＋胶原成分）综合评价几种药物对小鼠主动脉斑块稳定性的影响。结果：给药13周后，各给药组的斑块易损指数较模型组均有不同程度的降低（P〈0．05，P〈0．01），其中虎杖提取物和大黄醇提物降低最为显著，并与三七总皂苷组、黄连提取物组比较具有显著差异（P〈0．05）。此外，虎杖提取物和黄连提取物治疗组的斑块内埋藏纤维帽数目与模型组比较显著减少（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。结论：三七总皂苷、黄连提取物、虎杖提取物、大黄醇提物在临床推荐剂量上均可通过改善斑块内部成分来稳定易损斑块，其中，兼有活血和解毒作用的中药虎杖提取物、大黄醇提物效果最为显著。提示活血解毒中药可能具有类效应，在稳定易损斑块，减少急性心血管事件方面较单纯活血或解毒中药具有潜在的优势。

英文摘要：

AIM： To observe the effects of saponins of panax pseudo - ginseng, coptis chinensis extractive, giant knotweed rhizome and rhubarb extractives on the stability of vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic roots of fat - fed ApoE knockout mice. METHODS ： Eighty APOE knockout mice were fed high - fat diet for 26 weeks. Thereafter, they were randomized to one of seven groups and treated with these herbal extractives for 13 weeks. The morphology and composition of atherosclerotic plaques in aortic roots were examined in tissue sections. Four sections were chosen and stained with Movat and HE staining, respectively, and the protein expressions of smooth muscle in plaque were determined by immunohistochemistry. The percentages of the plaque composition of foam cells, extracellular lipids, smooth muscle cells and collagen in each area were counted in the whole plaque. The number of buried caps and the ratio of the length of fibrous cap/ plaque surface were also counted. The effect of the drugs on plaque stability was evaluated by using the vulnerability index [ （foam cells ＋ extracellular lipids）/（ collagens ＋ smooth muscle cells）] and the number of buried fibrous caps. RESULTS ： The vulnerability indexes in all drug treatment groups were decreased （P 〈 0. 05, P 〈 0. 01 ）. The giant knotweed rhizome and rhubarb extractives, which had beth the effect of promoting blood flow and detoxication, inhibited it the most significantly among them （P 〈 0. 01 ）. The significant differences between the promoting blood flow group （ saponins of panax pseudo-ginseng） and detoxication group （coptis chinensis extractive） were observed. Furthermore, the mean number of buried caps in plaque of giant knotweed rhizome extractive group and coptis chinensis extractive group were significantly decreased compared with that of control （ P 〈 0. 01, P 〈 0. 05 ）. CONCLUSION： Saponins of panax pseudo - ginseng, coptis chinensis extractive, giant knotweed rhizome and rhubarb extractives stabiliz