中文摘要：

华北地台金刚石的包裹体中含有丰富的地幔信息。对山东蒙阴、辽宁复县两地金刚石中包裹体矿物包括橄榄石、石榴石、单斜辉石和铬铁矿的化学成分进行了深入分析，金刚石包裹体矿物的主量元素显示华北地台至少在古生代金伯利岩侵位时具高度亏损玄武质的难熔克拉通岩石圈地幔特征。应用适用于石榴石橄榄岩相的单斜辉石温压计对金刚石包裹体中透辉石进行了计算．得出华北地台金刚石形成于1083～1194℃、5．3～6．1GPa的地质环境下。蒙阴和复县两地金刚石包裹体所反映的古老岩石圈地幔虽然部表现为克拉通岩石圈地幔特征．但也存在一定的不均一性。同时。通过对华北东部古生代与新生代地幔矿物的主量元素及地幔热状态的对比，结合现有的地幔岩石学和地幔地球化学的研究成果，认为软流圈物质对古老岩石圈地幔的侵蚀作用能较好地解释华北岩石圈减薄。

英文摘要：

The mantle information can be attained by studying diamond inclusions in the North China Craton. The analysis of the chemical composition of mineral inclusions including olivine, garnet, clinopyroxene, and chromite from Mengyin and Fuxian diamonds, reveals that the major elements of mineral inclusions in diamond show characters with high depletion in basaltic composition. The pressure and temperature of the formation of diamond in the North China Craton are calculated based on a new thermobarometry of chromian diopside inclusions, which are 1 083-1194℃ and 5.3-6.1 GPa. Both of the ancient lithospheric mantle in Mengyin and Fuxian represented by diamond inclusions show the characters of cratonic lithosphere, mild local heterogeneity. The comparisons of major elements geochemistry and heat state of mantle samples as xenoliths in Paleozoic kimberites and Cenozoic basalts, combiled with the research works on mantle petrology and mantle geochemistry in the North China Craton, suggest that the erosion of the lithosphere by accreted asthenospheric material may explain the lithosphere thinning.