中文摘要：

干细胞为机体组织中的一个极小的未分化细胞亚群，具有增生、自我维持、自我更新、能产生大量具有功能的子代细胞。对胚胎干细胞、人成体视网膜干细胞及眼内肿瘤干细胞研究发现，人胚胎及成体视网膜均存在有干细胞，眼内肿瘤如视网膜母细胞瘤、脉络膜黑色素瘤内也有肿瘤干细胞的存在；将不同干细胞移植到视网膜下或玻璃体腔，均能分化成神经元或视网膜结构。干细胞有望成为疾病发病机制及治疗研究突破的最新靶点。

英文摘要：

Objective Stem cells belong to a subgroup of undifferentiated cells in organisms, which has the features of proliferation, self maintaining, and self renewal, and may produce plentiful filial generation with functions. According to the researches on embryonic stem cells, retinal stem cells in adults, and intraocular tumor stem cells, stems cells exist in human embryo, adult retina, and also intraocular tumors like retinoblastoma and choroidal melanoma. Different stem cells transplanted into subretinal interspace or vitreous cavity may differentiate into structure of neurone or retina. Stem cells may become a newest target of the researches on pathogenesis and treatment of diseases.