中文摘要：

针对我国不同地区古城墙出现的多种病害破坏现象,在深入分析其破坏机理后,采用分类归纳的方法对古城墙变形破坏模式进行研究,提出了古城墙的多种变形破坏模式。依据引发古城墙变形破坏的控制因素进行分类,归纳总结出城墙地基不均匀变形、墙面鼓胀变形、墙面风蚀剥落、暴雨侵蚀等11种典型模式,给出每种变形破坏模式的发生条件及变形破坏机制,并提出了相应的防护措施建议。结合数值模拟分析方法对国内某古城墙变形破坏模式进行识别,结果表明,该古城墙主要的变形破坏模式为暴雨侵蚀,降雨量、降雨持续时间以及城墙内部排水通道均对城墙变形有显著影响,并且导致城墙端面中下部出现鼓胀变形。本文研究成果可为古城墙保护提供科学依据,有效避免局部不稳定现象发生,为多种变形破坏模式下的古城墙保护修复提供参考。

英文摘要：

This paper aims at a variety of failure phenomena of ancient city walls in different regions of China. It is based on the analysis of the failure mechanism. It uses the method of classification and induction to study the failure modes of ancient city wall. It puts forward a variety of ancient city wall failure modes. It uses the control factors that lead to the failure of the wall to classify the failure modes. It summarizes 11 typical failure modes including uneven settlement of foundation, surface bulging, wind erosion and heavy rainfall erosion. The corresponding occurring conditions and failure mechanisms are recommended for each failure modes. The protective measures are also proposed. Combined with the numerical simulation method, the failure mode of an ancient city wall in China is identified. The results show that the main failure m o d e of this ancient city wall is rainstorm erosion. T he rainfall degree, the duration of rainfall, and the drainage channel in the wall all have a significant impact on the deformation of the wall. The rainfall leads to the bulging phenomenon in the lower part of the surface of the wall. The results can provide a scientific basis for the protection of the ancient city wall, effectively avoid the occurrence of local instability problems and provide a reference for the protection and restoration of the ancient city wall under various failure modes.