中文摘要：

梳理和总结了水文模型发展的历史,对水文模型的主要分类方法与类别进行了系统的归纳和总结.从当前水文科学研究的热点问题出发,总结了水文模型在水文预报、水资源规划与利用、土壤侵蚀、非点源污染模拟等传统水文问题,以及解决水文学当前面临的一些热点问题包括气候变化和人类活动对水循环的影响中具体的研究与应用现状以及主要进展,分析了水文模型今后可能的发展趋势以及所存在的主要难点问题和关键技术.

英文摘要：

Hydrological model is a very important tool to investigate and understand hydrological cycle and hydrological processes. It is also a useful method for hydrological forecasting, water resources planning and management, hydrological analysis and simulation. With the frequent occurrence of floods, droughts, water pollution, and soil erosion, impact of climate change and human activities, as well as the development of digital hydrological sciences, a very good opportunity and great challenge appears for the study, development, and application of hydrological models. Major historical events in the development of hydrological models are summarized in this study. Major types of hydrological models are analyzed. From the key issues in hydrological sciences presently, the state-of-the-art and major progresses on the application of hydrological models in traditional hydrological problems including hydrological forecasting, water resources planning and management, soil erosion, and non-point source pollution simulation, as well as those in new hydrological issues such as the impact of climate change and human activities, are reviewed. Possible development, major issues and key techniques for hydrological models in the future are analyzed and prospected at the end of the paper.