中文摘要：

细胞转运蛋白种类繁多,在细胞中进行营养物质的摄取、代谢产物释放以及信号传递等生理活动中发挥着重要作用。根据细胞转运蛋白的转运方式可分为：通道蛋白、载体蛋白和ATP驱动泵,其中,ABC转运蛋白（ATP-binding cassette transporters）属于细胞中依赖三磷酸腺苷（ATP）水解供能的跨膜转运蛋白,其参与动物细胞的多药耐药性以及植物体在外界胁迫条件下的自我防御而受到广泛关注。对细胞转运蛋白的清晰认识是进行有效利用的基础,因此本文综述了植物、动物和微生物细胞中有关代谢产物和药物等物质转运相关的ABC转运蛋白的结构、转运机制。总结了当前细胞转运蛋白在各领域的工程化应用进展和需要解决的问题,旨在为更全面高效地利用细胞转运蛋白进行抗癌新药的研究开发、提高农作物的抗逆性和微生物细胞工厂的高效生物制造提供借鉴。

英文摘要：

There are a lot of cell transport proteins. They play an important role in many physiological activities, such as uptaking nutrients, releasing metabolites, and transducting signal processes on biofilms. According to the transporting way of the cell transport proteins, they can be devided into channel protein, carrier protein, and ATP-powered pump. ABC transporters （ATP-binding cassette transporters）, which is a kind of cell transporter proteins widely distributed in organisms, can transport a variety of compounds with energy supplied by ATP hydrolysis. In recent years, it has drawn widely attention regarding the multi-drugs resistance of animal cells and the self-defense of plants under external stress. The understanding of the cellular transport proteins provides the basis for effectively using it. This paper illustrated the structures and mechanisms of ABC transporter proteins found in plants, animals, and microbial cells; and summarized the progress of engineering applications of cell transporter proteins in various fields and the remaining problems. Finally, guidance will be provides to use cell transporter proteins in developing cancer drug, improving crop yield as well as efficient synthesis of metabolites in engineered microorganisms.