中文摘要：

企业利润一直以来受到了企业管理者足够的重视，因为利润可以维持一个企业的经营与长期发展。运用中国制造业企业2005--2008年样本，首先分行业检验企业利润率的状况及其变化趋势，其次检验企业利润的主要决定因素，其中对利润的衡量分为利润率和利润规模，最后分析研究企业利润的作用，结果认为：（I）中国制造业企业获得了可观的利润，并且利润率呈现逐年增长的趋势；（2）企业生产率水平、研发支出水平、营业费用支出水平、补贴收入水平都会对企业利润带来促进作用，而企业年龄、出口规模、债务规模、存货规模都会对企业利润产生负向影响；（3）企业利润与研发支出呈现“U”型关系，并且企业利润对生产率具有显著的促进作用，而出口企业的这种促进作用会弱于非出口企业。

英文摘要：

Profits is absolutely one of the top concerns of management, since it is the essential element that influ- ences the development of one enterprise in the long-run. Here we use data from the Chinese manufacturing industries in 2005-2008 to examine how did the profits change in these years, the resources from which the profits had come and finally the functions of the profits. Our results confirms that （1） the profits of the Chinese manufacturing enterprises had obtained a considerable amount of profits, as a matter of fact, the profits was continuously rising in these years; （2） the productivity of the enterprises, R＆D expenditures, the scale of operating costs and the level of public subsidies would increase significantly the enterprises＂ profits. Yet the age of enterprise, the scale of export, the scale of debts and the scale of inventory would on the contrary decrease the profits; （3） the scale of profits and R＆D expenditures interact along a ＇U＇ shaped-curve. The function＇ of profit is to promote the enterprises＇ productivity, and the enterprise which exports would exhibit more of this promotion than that enterprise which did not export.