中文摘要：

生物破乳菌在石油开采与加工行业的研究已经引起各界的广泛关注,然而由于生物破乳菌菌体形态、表面性质和表面物质的复杂性,使菌体的破乳活性特征尚未被揭示。本文介绍了生物破乳剂的来源、合成及破乳机制;归纳了影响生物破乳菌破乳活性的菌体形态、表面性质和表面物质三方面因素的研究进展,特别是总结了相关研究的方法;最后在此基础上对今后研究方向提出展望。

英文摘要：

The researches on biological demulsifying bacteria have aroused widespread interests in oil exploitation and refining industry. However, the characteristics of demulsifying activities of biological demulsifying bacteria were not revealed owing to its complexity of mycelial morphology, surface properties and surface substances. In this paper, the classification, biosynthesis and demulsification mechanism of biodemulsifiers were introduced, and then the research progresses were reviewed focusing on the influence of mycelial morphology, surface properties and surface substances on the demulsifying activity. The research methods concerned in this field were specially focused. Based on the above analysis, the future research directions were proposed.