中文摘要：

黑颈鹤(Grus nigricollis)是青藏高原特有物种,在新疆主要分布在与青海、西藏相邻的阿尔金山、东昆仑山地区。2011年9–11月,我们对该地区黑颈鹤的种群分布、数量变化、行为活动及生存状况等进行了详细调查。利用样点调查法和直接计数法,对黑颈鹤的分布和种群数量进行了记录。在若羌县(祁曼塔格乡、铁木里克乡)和且末县(吐拉牧场、车尔臣河流域)等地区的湿地中,都观察到有黑颈鹤分布。在依协克帕提湿地(37°15′–37°23′N,90°11′–90°20′E,海拔3903m)最多一次记录到126只黑颈鹤集群,在阿尔金山自然保护区共有黑颈鹤180–200只左右。结合早期的科学考察记录,推测整个新疆的黑颈鹤数量在260只以上。10月中旬,黑颈鹤开始大规模集群,10月29日达到最大值并开始迁徙,11月6日黑颈鹤全部迁徙离开。采用瞬时扫描取样法对黑颈鹤的时间分配和昼间活动节律进行了系统观察。我们将黑颈鹤的日间行为分为8种类型,各行为所占的比例分别为:取食(58.9%)、理羽(13.2%)、警戒(9.5%)、行走(8.2%)、飞行(3.5%)、休息(3.4%)、鸣叫(2.7%)和其他(0.6%)。

英文摘要：

The Black-necked Crane (Grus nigricollis) is an endemic species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,with its population in Xinjiang largely found in the Kunlun and Altun mountain regions.A survey of the distribution,population dynamics,flock size and behavior was conducted in Altun Mountain National Natural Reserve from September to November 2011.We investigated the size and distribution of its population in this area with a sample spot survey and by direct counting.We found Black-necked Cranes on the wetlands of Wuzunxiaoer,Yusup Aleksei,Yaziquan,Qimantag,Tula Ranch and elsewhere,where we recorded 126 individual birds of the species in Yixiekepati (37° 15′-37°23′N,90°11′-90°20′E,elevation 3903 m),the largest population we have observed in this area.In the reserve,the population consists of about 180-200 birds.Combined with previous records,we conclude that more than 260 Black-necked Cranes live in Xinjiang.Cranes gathered conspicuously in the middle of October where the highest number of birds appeared on 29 October.All of the cranes had migrated out of this area by 6 November.Time budgets and diurnal behavior rhythms of Blacknecked Cranes were observed in the Yixiekepati wetland at daylight (from 06:00 to 18:00).Foraging was the most prevalent type of behavior during the autumn period,accounting for 58.9％ of the diurnal time budget,followed by preening (13.2％),vigilance (9.5％),walking (8.2％),flying (3.5％),resting (3.4％),chirping (2.7％) and other types of behavior (0.6％).