中文摘要：

介绍第57届美国血液学会（ASH）年会有关世界卫生组织（WHO）对骨髓增生异常综合征（MDS）新标准的解读。新版本将在2016年中期颁布，以临床咨询委员会的建议为基础，对2008年第4版WHO分型标准的修订包括：废止MDS中的“难治性贫血／全血细胞减少”命名，MDS基因突变的预后意义，以SF381基因突变为依据对MDS伴铁粒幼细胞增多症进行进一步细化，修改MDS伴孤立del（5q）的诊断标准，重新划分红系／髓系类型急性红白血病，认识MDS中的家族髓系肿瘤。

英文摘要：

Progress of World Health Organization （WHO） reclassification of myelodysplastic syndromes （MDS） in the 57th American Society of Hematology annual meetings were reviewed. A revision to the 4th edition of the WHO classification of MDS will be enacted in mid-2016. Based on recommendations of the Clinical Advisory Committee, proposals for change included abandoning the routine names of ＇refractory anemia/cytopenia＇, expressing the prognostic significance of gene mutations in MDS, revising the diagnostic criteria for MDS entities with ring sideroblasts based on the detection of SF3B1 mutations, modifying the cytogenetic criteria for MDS with isolated del （5q）, reclassifying the erythroid/myeloid type of acute erythroleukemia, and recognizing the familial link in some cases of MDS.