中文摘要：

首先对不考虑直销市场的集装箱航运系统三种协作模式：集中式协作模式、信息对称下的分散式协作模式、信息不对称下的分散式模式进行了数学推导分析。研究发现,集中式模式下整体空箱规模比信息对称的分散式模式航运系统较小,而信息不对称的分散式模式和信息对称的分散式模式相比,优化问题难度陡增。然后,为了贴近现实,对考虑直销市场参与下的集装箱航运系统进行了系统动力学仿真研究。结果表明,在考虑直销市场参与的集装箱航运系统中,集中式协作模式下航运系统整体利润最大,分散式协作模式下航运系统整体利润下降较多,是由＂双重边际性＂的加剧所造成;信息不对称的分散模式航运系统整体利润略低于信息对称的分散模式航运系统整体利润,是由加入直销市场以后,信息失真现象的有效缓解所引起的。

英文摘要：

There are three cooperating patterns between the carrier and the forwarder：the centralized shipping chain,the decentralized shipping chain under information symmetry,and the decentralized shipping chain under information asymmetry.In this paper,the shipping system without the spot market is firstly studied by mathematic deduction method.The results show that the total container quantity with the centralized shipping chain is fewer than that with the decentralized shipping chain under information symmetry.In order to close to reality,the spot market is considered in the shipping market,and the related system dynamic models are built by the system dynamic method.Several findings obtained by simulations are：（1） the information symmetry increases the volatility of the carrier＇s income and cost;（2） the system＇s profit decreases with the information sharing level;and（3） the spot market reduces the demand information asymmetric and increases the double-marginal effect of the shipping system.