中文摘要：

以菜农14、青农105、连胜15、隆平206和先玉335玉米为材料，人工分离角质和粉质胚乳，通过显微镜观察淀粉粒粒径，采用快速黏度测定仪（RVA）和物性测试仪（TPA）分析糊化特性和质构特性，比较玉米角质和粉质胚乳淀粉粒粒径、糊化特性和质构特性的差异。结果表明，角质胚乳淀粉粒平均粒径显著大于粉质胚乳；角质胚乳的峰值黏度、崩解值和凝胶回复性显著低于粉质胚乳，峰值时间和糊化温度显著高于粉质胚乳，而凝胶的硬度、弹性、凝聚性、胶着性和咀嚼性除了与胚乳质地有关外，也受品种的影响。在玉米实际加工利用时，可以根据需要选择不同类型的胚乳，以实现玉米胚乳的合理有效运用。

英文摘要：

Lainong 14, Qingnong 105, Liansheng 15, Longping 206 and Xianyu 335 have been selected to bestudied in this paper. Horny endosperm as well as silty endosperm was separated in order to observe starch granule size by microscope; pasting properties were determine by RVA while textural properties by TPA. The results indicated that the average size of horny endosperm starch granule had significantly larger than that of silty endosperm, peak time and gelatinization temperature were higher, and peak viscosity, breakdown and resilience were lower than those of silty endosperm. Hardness, springinness, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness could be affected by endosperm＇s texture and variety. In the process of practical processing and utilization of maize, different types of endosperms should be chosen for meeting different needs to realize the rational and efficient utilization of maize endosperm.