中文摘要：

扩散峰度成像（DKI）是一种新兴的扩散磁共振技术,它在传统扩散张量成像的基础上引入了四阶峰度,并以此量化组织中水分子扩散位移概率分布偏离高斯分布的程度,其附加的峰度信息对大脑组织的微观结构更敏感。从扩散峰度成像模型、数据采集参数、模型拟合以及由DKI发展而来的微观结构模型等方面,介绍DKI模型的研究进展和临床应用。最后简要讨论DKI模型存在的问题,并展望其在神经放射学各个方面所具有的广泛深远影响。

英文摘要：

As an emerging technology of diffusion MRI,diffusion kurtosis imaging（ DKI） introduces forth-order tensor to quantify the degree to non-Gaussian water diffusion in biologic tissues. Additional kurtosis information on the water diffusion properties could be more sensitive to tissue microstructure in the brain. This paper introduced diffusion kurtosis model,data acquisition parameters,model fitting and microstructural model based on DKI to reveal research development and clinical application of DKI model. Meanwhile,limitations of DKI model and prospect of its profound influence on all aspects of neural radiology were discussed as well.