中文摘要：

我们与空间数据交往的方法从 2D 地图被改变了到 3D 虚拟地理环境(VGE ) 。当 VGE，和特别地 3D 城市模型提供一个有效方法在城市的区域集成巨大的、异质的 geospatial 信息和 georeferenced 信息，一台计算机上的地理信息的三维的代表被知道。(3DCM ) 3D 城市建模是在不同申请区域的一个活跃研究和实践话题。这篇论文介绍在 3D GIS，虚拟环境，和 AEC/FM 采用的不同当模特儿的范例。新 3DCM 技术正在演变为数据集成和合作途径代表一个城市的完整的空间范围，到未葬、地下的模型，室外、室内的环境包括人造有 3D 几何学，外观，拓扑学和语义的目标和自然特征。

英文摘要：

The way we interact with spatial data has been changed from 2D map to 3D Virtual Geographic Environment （VGE）. Three-dimensional representations of geographic information on a computer are known as VGE, and in particular 3D city models provide an efficient way to integrate massive, heterogenous geospatial information and georeferenced information in urban areas. 3D city modeling （3DCM） is an active research and practice topic in distinct application areas. This paper intro- duces different modeling paradigms employed in 3D GIS, virtual environment, and AEC/FM. Up-to-date 3DCM technologies are evolving into a data integration and collaborative approach to represent the full spatial coverage of a city, to model both aboveground and underground, outdoor and indoor environments including man-made objects and natural features with 3D geometry, appearance, topology and semantics.