中文摘要：

作物育种的首要目标是提高产量。水稻粒形是与水稻产量性状直接相关，与品质性状存在着密切关系的数量性状，其评价指标主要是粒长，粒宽、粒厚、长／宽和长／厚。近年来，水稻粒形的数量遗传研究取得了重要进展，并成功定位克隆了一批控制水稻粒形的基因。文章综述了水稻粒形的经典遗传研究、QTL定位、粒形基因的克隆和功能分析以及在水稻超高产育种中的利用。

英文摘要：

Increase of crop production is the primary goal of crop breeding. Rice grain shape is a quantitative trait that is directly related to yield traits and has a close relationship with quality traits. The evaluation of grain shape is mainly grain length, grain width, grain thickness, length/width, and length/thickness. In recent years, the quantitative genetic research on rice grain shape has made a significant progress and a number of important genes associated with rice grain shape have been cloned. This paper reviews the classic genetic analysis on rice grain traits, QTL mapping, grain shape gene cloning and functional analysis, and their application in rice breeding for super high yield.