中文摘要：

由华南农业大学选育的水稻单片段代换系S15对于野败型（WA）和矮败型（DA）细胞质雄性不育系均具有较强的恢复性。以野败型不育系博白A和矮败型不育系协青早A为母本,单片段代换系S15为父本杂交,采用分子标记辅助选择和连续回交的方法构建了2个BC3F2群体。利用与第1、第10染色体上恢复基因Rf3和Rf4两侧紧密连锁的SSR标记,从这2个BC3F2群体中筛选携带基因型Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4和rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4的单株,观察这些单株花粉和小穗育性,并利用202个多态性SSR标记分析这些单株的遗传背景,结果表明：（1）在同一细胞核背景下（S15）,DA型细胞质的可恢复性好于WA型细胞质,单片段代换系S15中的恢复基因Rf4的恢复力大于恢复基因Rf3的恢复力。（2）单片段代换系S15中的恢复基因对于WA型不育系博白A和DA型不育系协青早A表现出质量-数量性状的遗传。在单片段代换系S15中,除了主效恢复基因Rf3和Rf4外,微效基因或者修饰基因也表现出对于博白A和协青早A的恢复性作用,而且效应较大。（3）在构建的2个BC3F2群体中,携带基因型Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4和rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4单株的遗传背景片段数平均为1.0,对应于恢复基因Rf3和Rf4座位的代换片段平均长度分别为12.9cM和18.4cM。

英文摘要：

Rice chromosome single segment substitution line （SSSL） S15, a strong restorer line for WA-, and DA-CMS, was recently isolated at Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Breeding, South China Agricultural University. The present study was carried out with the objective to investigate the genetic mode of fertility restorer （Rf） genes and the genetic relationship between WA- and DA-CMS systems. The SSSL S15 was used to pollinate WA-CMS line of Bobai A and DA-CMS line of Xieqingzao A for generation of two BC3F2 populations by using marker-assisted selection （MAS） and traditional backcrossing. The results were as follows： （1） The genetic effect showed a trend of WA-CMS DA-CMS in the genetic background of SSSL S15, and the effect of Rf4 was slightly larger than that of Rf3 for the two CMS systems. （2） Two pairs of dominant genes governed restoration of pollen fertility restoration, and some modifying or minor genes were involved in the inheritance of restorer ability besides Rf3 or Rf4 in SSSL S15, indicating that the genetic mode of Rf genes showed a qualitative-quantitative characteristic for WA-, and DA-CMS system. （3） When 202 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic background and average length of substituted chromosome segments of the two BC3F2 individuals, carrying the genotypes Rf3Rf3/rf4rf4 or rf3rf3/Rf4Rf4, the mean of segments of inherited background of them was 1.0, while the average lengths of the substituted chromosome segments, corresponding to Rf3 and Rf4 loci, of them were 12.9 cM and 18.4 cM, respectively.