中文摘要：

以改进的Hummers方法制备了氧化石墨烯（GO）、还原氧化石墨烯（RGO）和十八胺基化的石墨烯（RGO-ODA），并以此为掺杂剂通过化学氧化法制备了聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯（PANi/GO）、聚苯胺/还原氧化石墨烯（PANi/RGO）和聚苯胺/十八胺基化石墨烯（PANi/RGO-ODA）掺杂材料。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）等测试手段对功能化石墨烯及聚苯胺掺杂材料的结构和微观形貌进行了表征；运用循环伏安法（CV）、交流阻抗（EIS）和恒流充放电测试方法对其电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明：PANi/RGO和PANi/GO基本保持了石墨烯的片状结构，聚苯胺以颗粒状均匀分散在石墨烯片层表面，并有PANi纳米线形成；然而PANi/RGO-ODA的微观结构致密，片层结构不明显。在电流密度为1 A/g的测试条件下， PANi/RGO、PANi/GO和PANi/RGO-ODA的比电容分别为342、275、119 F/g，在经过1000次充放电循环后，三者电容保持率分别为87%、72%和53%，表明掺杂不同类型石墨烯对PANi微观结构和电化学性能的影响差别较大，其中PANi/RGO具有良好电容储存能力，可用于电容器。

英文摘要：

Graphene oxide （GO）, reduced graphene oxide （RGO） and octadecyl-graphene （RGO-ODA） were prepared by modified Hummers method. Polyaniline/graphene oxide （PANi/GO）, polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide （PANi/RGO） and polyaniline/octadecyl-graphene （PANi/RGO-ODA） composited materials were prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization. The morphology and structure were characterized by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR）, X-ray diffraction（XRD）, scanning electronic microscopy（SEM） and transmission electron microscopy（TEM）. The electrochemical performance was tested by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and gal-vanostatic charge-discharge test method, respectively. SEM and TEM investigations showed that PANi/GO and PANi/RGO basically maintained the nanosheet structures of GO and RGO, and polyaniline particles uniformly were attached onto the sheet surface and edges of nanosheets accompanying with the formation of nanowires. However, PANi/RGO-ODA shown a compact microstructure and the nanosheets structure of GO and RGO was not observed. The electrochemical performance results showed that the specific capacitance of PANi/RGO, PANi/RGO, PANi/RGO-ODA was 342,275,119 F/g at 1 A/g, and the capacitance retention after 1 000 charge-discharge cycles was 87%, 72%, 53%, respectively. This demonstrates that doping different kinds of graphene has different effect on the mi-crostructure and electrochemical properties of PANi, and PANi/RGO can be used in supercapacitor application due to its excellent capacity ability.