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中文摘要：
考试制度是分析考试文化的重要维度。文章围绕这一分析维度，遵循由古至今的历史逻辑，梳理了考试文化在考试制度上的历史变迁，划分了考试制度的三种形态：世袭制度、举荐制度、选拔制度，并对其中的举荐制度作了重点探索。先从旨在“选仕”的人才选拔制度论起，然后简述了具有世袭性质的世卿世禄制，继而基于历史的视角，着重阐述和分析了举荐制度中的察举制和九品中正制。并指出经过举荐制度，考试逐渐成为“选仕”制度的一种基本方式。
英文摘要：
Exam system is an important dimension of analysing exam culture.According to this analysis dimension,this article shows the historical changes of exam culture logically from ancient times to present around the exam system,and divides exam system into three forms：hereditary system,recommendatory system and selecting system,and focus on exploring the recommendatory system.The article first discusses the talent selection system which aim to＂elect official＂,then outlines the Rank and Salary Inheriting System in pre-Qin period which with the nature of hereditary.And then based on historical perspective,focuses on the analysis of the Recommendatory System in Qin and Han dynasties,and the System of Recommending Legates in Wei Jin Southern and Northern dynasties.And at last points out that,after recommending system,the examination has become a basic way of＂elect official＂system.
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