中文摘要：

针对在微型飞行器上测量空气流速矢量的需要,提出了一种比空速管轻巧、比热线式流速传感器抗干扰能力强的微型热膜式流速传感器及其组合系统。与热线式流速传感器相似,热膜流速传感器仅输出电阻值信息,对流速和流向均敏感。将多个传感器按照一定规律组合,可实现对一定角度范围内的流速矢量的测量,从而拓展其应用。结合试验推导了组合传感器测量流速矢量的原理与实现条件,讨论了传感器布置的优化方式并进行了误差分析。传感器特性的实验结果表明,按照45°间隔角布置的3个热膜式流速传感器联合,可以测量180°范围的流速矢量。结合推导与实验,证明组合测量方法可行有效,所占空间和能耗均低于阵列方案,且可推广至其它同类型流速计。

英文摘要：

To realize the measurement of the air flow vector on a Micro Air Vehicle（MAV）,a new type of hot-film anemometer which was lighter than a pitot and firmer than a hot-wire anemometer was developed and a corresponding combined system was also presented. Similar to the hot-wire anemometer,the hot-film anemometer is sensitive to both magnitude and direction of flow speed,and its output is a resistance when either the flow magnitude or direction changes.Moreover,by combining the sensor array simply, the flow speed vector could be acquired in a angle range,and thus its application area was expanded.Based on the experimental tests on the sensor characteristics,the principles and conditions of the combination scheme were researched,the method to arrange the sensor array was given and the speed vector measuring error was discussed.The experimental results indicate that arranging 3 hot-film anemometers with a separation angle of 45° to form a combination system can measure the flow vector in the angle range of 180°.Both of theoretical and experimental results prove that the presented combination method is effective and feasible,and its volume and energy consume are both lower than those of traditionnl methods.It can be further expanded to other flow sensors with similar characters.