应对全球气候变化是当前国际社会的热点问题之一。减缓、适应、资金和技术是国际气候谈判的核心要素,而资金问题尤为关键。本文以气候融资中CDM项目和世界银行贷款两种主要融资途径为代表,对不同国家和地区的气候融资发展现状及区域差异展开比较研究。结果表明,发展中国家气候融资在CDM市场和世界银行贷款中融资能力整体较强,但区域差异明显。无论在CDM市场还是世界银行贷款中,亚太地区和拉丁美洲均表现出项目数量多、资金流入大的特点,但中东、中亚地区的项目数和金额量则十分有限。具体到国家,中国、印度、巴西和墨西哥的优势较明显,其中墨西哥在世界银行贷款优势突出,印度是CDM市场中投资平均成本最大的国家。中国是对世界减排贡献最大的发展中国家。目前,基础四国中在南非投资CDM项目获得的减排效果更好。其他大部分中小发展中国家和最不发达国家,资金来源单一、资金流很少,在整个国际融资中处于世界极低水平。
Climate change has been an accepted scientific fact around the world. Mitigation, adaptation, climate finance and technology transfer are the key factors of international climate change negotiation, in which climate fi-nance is the most important. Through intensive studies of international fi-nance with CDM projects and the World Bank Loan projects as the representative channels of climate change financing, contrast analysis the climate finance development around the various countries and regions are developed. Results indicate that although the overall trend of developing countries in CDM market and World Bank Loan is good, regional differences are rather distinct. Quanti-ties and funds of project in Asia-Pacific and Latin America are very large, while Middle East and central Asia have limited projects in both sides. Inter-national finance advantages in China, India, Brazil and Mexico are more appar-ent, Mexico shows outstanding advantage in the World Bank Loans while India is the country with the largest average revenue in CDM market. China makes the largest contribution to the reduction of the world in developing countries, but the average revenue is not great in CDM market. Currently, among the BASIC countries, investing to South Africa of CDM project makes the greater marginal output and of course the emission reduction effect is better. Most of the oth-er small and medium-sized developing countries and the least developed coun-tries, their financing source is single, and cash flow is very few, which makes them be in a very low level around the world of the international fi-nance.