中文摘要：

利用分子标记对来自21个国家的745份小麦品种的株高（Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b）、粒重相关基因（TaCwi-A1a和Hap-6A-A）和Lr34/Yr18/Pm38基因进行检测。结果表明：（1）在745份品种中,42.1%和28.7%的材料分别携带Rht-B1b和Rht-D1b等位变异,分布频率在不同国家差异很大。一般来说,来自同一个国家的材料主要携带矮秆基因Rht-B1b或Rht-D1b之一,只有意大利和澳大利亚这两种矮秆基因的频率均较高,而高纬度地区如加拿大和俄罗斯等对株高要求不严,矮秆基因分布频率很低;（2）78.4%的材料携带TaCwi-A1a等位变异,除日本（50.0%）、德国（45.3%）和智利（48.8%）外,其他国家材料中TaCwi-A1a分布频率均很高。29.3%的材料在TaGW2-6A位点携带Hap-6A-A等位变异,主要分布在春性和弱冬性小麦品种中,而冬性和强冬性品种中Hap-6A-G分布较为广泛;（3）22.1%的材料携带Lr34/Yr18/Pm38,美国（18.5%）、乌克兰（28.6%）、俄罗斯（26.1%）、伊朗（20.0%）、土耳其（34.8%）、匈牙利（50.0%）、保加利亚（38.9%）、罗马尼亚（87.0%）、日本（80.0%）、加拿大（34.6%）和澳大利亚（44.6%）分布频率较高;（4）TaCwi-A1的分子标记CWI21和CWI22能很好区分等位变异TaCwi-A1a和TaCwi-A1b,TaGW2-6A的CAPS标记能很好区分Hap-6A-A和Hap-6A-G,准确性高、重复性好,可作为千粒重选择的有效标记。

英文摘要：

Using the molecular markers for dwarfing genes（Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b）and kernel weight related genes（TaCwi-A1a and Hap-6A-A） and Lr34/Yr18/Pm38,the distributions of these genes were detected among 745 cultivars from 21 major wheat-growing countries.The results indicated that：（1） The frequencies of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b in 745 cultivar were 42.1% and 28.7%,respectively,varying much in different wheat-growing countries.Generally,cultivars from the same country usually carried only one of Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b,frequencies only from Italy and Australia were higher for both Rht-B1b and Rht-D1b,which in high latitude areas such as Canada and Russia were lower due to less requirement for plant height.（2） TaCwi-A1a allele was widely distributed in 21 countries with a total frequency of 78.4%,and cultivars from different countries possessed all higher frequency of TaCwi-A1a except for Japan（50.0%）,Germany（45.3%） and Chile（48.8%）.The 29.3% of cultivars carried Hap-6A-A allele at TaGW2-6A locus,mainly distributing in spring and weak winter wheat,whereas Hap-6A-G was mainly present in winter and strong winter cultivars.（3） The 22.1% of cultivars had Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 allele,with higher frequency in USA（18.5%）,Ukraine（28.6%）,Russia（26.1%）,Iran（20.0%）,Turkey（34.8%）,Hungary（50.0%）,Bulgaria（38.9%）,Romania（87.0%）,Japan（80.0%）,Canada（34.6%） and Australia（44.6%）.（4）The molecular markers CWI 21 and CWI 22 for TaCwi-A1 can well differentiate TaCwi-A1a and TaCwi-A1b alleles,while the CAPS marker of TaGW2-6A can also be used for kernel weight selection due to its ability of discriminating Hap-6A-A and Hap-6A-G with great accuracy and repeatability.The information is very crucial for use of exotic germplasm in Chinese wheat breeding program.